(عَبَسَ وَتَوَلَّى)
(1. He frowned and turned away.)
(أَن جَآءَهُ الاٌّعْمَى)
(2. Because there came to him the blind man.)
(وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّهُ يَزَّكَّى)
(3. And how can you know that he might become pure)
(أَوْ يَذَّكَّرُ فَتَنفَعَهُ الذِّكْرَى)
(4. Or he might receive admonition, and the admonition
might profit him)
(أَمَّا مَنِ اسْتَغْنَى)
(5. As for him who thinks himself self-sufficient,)
(فَأَنتَ لَهُ تَصَدَّى)
(6. To him you attend;)
(وَمَا عَلَيْكَ أَلاَّ يَزَّكَّى)
(7. What does it matter to you if he will not become
pure)
(وَأَمَّا مَن جَآءَكَ يَسْعَى)
(8. But as for him who came to you running,)
(وَهُوَ يَخْشَى)
(9. And is afraid.)
(فَأَنتَ عَنْهُ تَلَهَّى)
(10. Of him you are neglectful and divert your attention
to another.)
(كَلاَّ إِنَّهَا تَذْكِرَةٌ)
(11. Nay; indeed it is an admonition.)
(فَمَن شَآءَ ذَكَرَهُ)
(12. So, whoever wills, let him pay attention to Him
(it).)
(فِي صُحُفٍ مُّكَرَّمَةٍ)
(13. In Records held in honor,)
(مَّرْفُوعَةٍ مُّطَهَّرَةٍ)
(14. Exalted, purified.)
(بِأَيْدِى سَفَرَةٍ)
(15. In the hands of ambassadors (Safarah),)
(رَامٍ بَرَرَةٍ)
(16. Honorable and obedient.)
The Prophet being reprimanded because He frowned at a
Weak Man
More than one of the scholars of Tafsir mentioned that
one day the Messenger of Allah was addressing one of the great leaders of the
Quraysh while hoping that he would accept Islam. While he was speaking in
direct conversation with him, Ibn Umm Maktum came to him, and he was of those
who had accepted Islam in its earliest days. He (Ibn Umm Maktum) then began
asking the Messenger of Allah about something, urgently beseeching him. The
Prophet hoped that the man would be guided, so he asked Ibn Umm Maktum to wait
for a moment so he could complete his conversation. He frowned in the face of
Ibn Umm Maktum and turned away from him in order to face the other man. Thus,
Allah revealed,
﴿عَبَسَ وَتَوَلَّى - أَن جَآءَهُ
الاٌّعْمَى - وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّهُ يَزَّكَّى ﴾
(He frowned and turned away. Because there came to him
the blind man. And how can you know that he might become pure) meaning, he may
attain purification and cleanliness in his soul.
﴿أَوْ يَذَّكَّرُ فَتَنفَعَهُ
الذِّكْرَى ﴾
(Or he might receive admonition, and the admonition might
profit him) meaning, he may receive admonition and abstain from the forbidden.
﴿أَمَّا مَنِ اسْتَغْنَى - فَأَنتَ
لَهُ تَصَدَّى ﴾
(As for him who thinks himself self-sufficient. To him
you attend;) meaning, `you face the rich person so that perhaps he may be
guided.'
﴿وَمَا عَلَيْكَ أَلاَّ يَزَّكَّى
﴾
(What does it matter to you if he will not become pure)
meaning, `you are not responsible for him if he does not attain purification.'
﴿وَأَمَّا مَن جَآءَكَ يَسْعَى
- وَهُوَ يَخْشَى ﴾
(But as for him who came to you running. And is afraid.)
meaning, `he is seeking you and he comes to you so that he may be guided by
what you say to him.'
﴿فَأَنتَ عَنْهُ تَلَهَّى ﴾
(Of him you are neglectful and divert your attention to
another.) meaning, `you are too busy.' Here Allah commands His Messenger to not
single anyone out with the warning. Rather, he should equal warn the noble and
the weak, the poor and the rich, the master and the slave, the men and the
women, the young and the old. Then Allah will guide whomever He chooses to a
path that is straight. He has the profound wisdom and the decisive proof. Abu
Ya`la and Ibn Jarir both recorded from `A'ishah that she said about,
﴿عَبَسَ وَتَوَلَّى ﴾
(He frowned and turned away.) was revealed.''
At-Tirmirdhi recorded this Hadith but he did not mention that it was narrated
by `A'ishah. I say it is reported like this in Al-Muwatta' as well.
The Characteristics of the Qur'an
Allah says,
﴿كَلاَّ إِنَّهَا تَذْكِرَةٌ
﴾
(Nay; indeed it is an admonition.) meaning, this Surah,
or this advice in conveying knowledge equally among people, whether they are of
noble or low class. Qatadah and As-Suddi both said,
﴿كَلاَّ إِنَّهَا تَذْكِرَةٌ
﴾
(Nay; indeed it is an admonition.) "This means the
Qur'an.''
﴿فَمَن شَآءَ ذَكَرَهُ ﴾
(So, whoever wills, let him pay attention to Him (it).)
meaning, so whoever wills, he remembers Allah in all of his affairs. The
pronoun could also be understood to be referring to the revelation since the
conversation is alluding to it. Allah said:
﴿فِى صُحُفٍ مُّكَرَّمَةٍ - مَّرْفُوعَةٍ
مُّطَهَّرَةٍ ﴾
(In Records held in honor, exalted, purified.) meaning,
this Surah or this admonition. Both meanings are connected to each other.
Actually, all of the Qur'an is in honored pages, meaning respected and revered.
﴿مَّرْفُوعَةٍ﴾
(exalted) meaning, elevated in status.
﴿مُّطَهَّرَةٍ﴾
(purified) meaning, from impurity, additions and
deficiency. Concerning Allah's statement,
﴿بِأَيْدِى سَفَرَةٍ ﴾
(In the hands of ambassadors (Safarah),) Ibn `Abbas,
Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak, and Ibn Zayd, all said, "These are the angels.''
Al-Bukhari said, "Safarah (ambassadors) refers to the angels. They travel
around rectifying matters between themselves. The angels when they descend with
the revelation of Allah, bringing it like the ambassador who rectifies matters
between people.'' Allah said,
﴿كِرَامٍ بَرَرَةٍ ﴾
(Honorable and obedient.) meaning, they are noble,
handsome, and honorable in their creation. Their character and their deeds are
righteous, pure and perfect. Here it should be noted that it is necessary for
one who carries the Qur'an (i.e., the angel) to be following righteousness and
guidance. Imam Ahmad recorded from `A'ishah that the Messenger of Allah said,
«الَّذِي يَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ وَهُوَ مَاهِرٌ
بِهِ، مَعَ السَّفَرَةِ الْكِرَامِ الْبَرَرَةِ، وَالَّذِي يَقْرَؤُهُ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ
شَاقٌّ، لَهُ أَجْرَان»
(He who recites the Qur'an proficiently, will be with the
noble, righteous, ambassador angels, and the one who recites it with difficulty
will receive two rewards.) This Hadith was reported by the group.